*In an April 2006 paper,
“The Effectiveness of Feedback on Energy Consumption,” researcher Sarah Darby reviewed published studies of savings attributable to electricity and natural-gas dashboards. “The literature reviewed here mostly consists of primary sources, with a few review papers. The focus is on feedback on gas and electricity consumption,” she wrote. “The norm is for savings from direct feedback (immediate, from the meter or an associated display monitor) to range from 5%-15%.”